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Data engineering

Apache Airflow

The open-source scheduler that runs data pipelines in the right order, every time.

  • Workflow orchestration
  • Typical project: 3–8 weeks
  • Open source (Apache); managed by Astronomer, AWS and Google

Overview

Airflow runs workflows defined as DAGs (directed acyclic graphs): extract from here, load there, run dbt, refresh the dashboard, and alert someone if a step fails.

It is the most widely used orchestrator and connects to almost every data tool. Alternatives include Dagster, Prefect, Azure Data Factory and the schedulers built into Databricks and Fabric.

Names you'll meet

  • Airflow
  • Python
  • dbt
  • Cloud Composer
  • Amazon MWAA

What's inside

  1. 1

    DAGs

    Python files that define the steps and how they depend on each other.

  2. 2

    Scheduler & workers

    Run tasks on time, in order and in parallel.

  3. 3

    Operators

    Prebuilt tasks for databases, clouds and APIs.

  4. 4

    Web UI

    See runs, retry failures and read the logs.

Is it right for you?

Best for

  • Many pipelines across different tools
  • Teams comfortable with Python
  • Complex dependencies and backfills

Think twice if…

  • Everything runs in one platform; its built-in scheduler may be enough
  • You'd self-host without anyone to maintain it; prefer a managed service

Typical projects

  1. Orchestration platform setup3–8 weeks
  2. Move cron jobs and scripts to Airflow6–16 weeks
  3. Pipeline supportOngoing · 3–12 months

Typical ranges, not quotes. Scope, data and team size move them most.

Roles you'll hire

  • Data engineer
  • Platform engineer
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Questions to ask a vendor

  1. 1Managed Airflow or self-hosted, and why?
  2. 2How do you test DAGs before production?
  3. 3How will we be alerted when a pipeline fails?
  4. 4How do you manage secrets and connections?

Find Airflow partners

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